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python3.13
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zipapp.py
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import contextlib import os import pathlib import shutil import stat import sys import zipfile __all__ = ['ZipAppError', 'create_archive', 'get_interpreter'] # The __main__.py used if the users specifies "-m module:fn". # Note that this will always be written as UTF-8 (module and # function names can be non-ASCII in Python 3). # We add a coding cookie even though UTF-8 is the default in Python 3 # because the resulting archive may be intended to be run under Python 2. MAIN_TEMPLATE = """\ # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import {module} {module}.{fn}() """ # The Windows launcher defaults to UTF-8 when parsing shebang lines if the # file has no BOM. So use UTF-8 on Windows. # On Unix, use the filesystem encoding. if sys.platform.startswith('win'): shebang_encoding = 'utf-8' else: shebang_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding() class ZipAppError(ValueError): pass @contextlib.contextmanager def _maybe_open(archive, mode): if isinstance(archive, (str, os.PathLike)): with open(archive, mode) as f: yield f else: yield archive def _write_file_prefix(f, interpreter): """Write a shebang line.""" if interpreter: shebang = b'#!' + interpreter.encode(shebang_encoding) + b'\n' f.write(shebang) def _copy_archive(archive, new_archive, interpreter=None): """Copy an application archive, modifying the shebang line.""" with _maybe_open(archive, 'rb') as src: # Skip the shebang line from the source. # Read 2 bytes of the source and check if they are #!. first_2 = src.read(2) if first_2 == b'#!': # Discard the initial 2 bytes and the rest of the shebang line. first_2 = b'' src.readline() with _maybe_open(new_archive, 'wb') as dst: _write_file_prefix(dst, interpreter) # If there was no shebang, "first_2" contains the first 2 bytes # of the source file, so write them before copying the rest # of the file. dst.write(first_2) shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst) if interpreter and isinstance(new_archive, str): os.chmod(new_archive, os.stat(new_archive).st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC) def create_archive(source, target=None, interpreter=None, main=None, filter=None, compressed=False): """Create an application archive from SOURCE. The SOURCE can be the name of a directory, or a filename or a file-like object referring to an existing archive. The content of SOURCE is packed into an application archive in TARGET, which can be a filename or a file-like object. If SOURCE is a directory, TARGET can be omitted and will default to the name of SOURCE with .pyz appended. The created application archive will have a shebang line specifying that it should run with INTERPRETER (there will be no shebang line if INTERPRETER is None), and a __main__.py which runs MAIN (if MAIN is not specified, an existing __main__.py will be used). It is an error to specify MAIN for anything other than a directory source with no __main__.py, and it is an error to omit MAIN if the directory has no __main__.py. """ # Are we copying an existing archive? source_is_file = False if hasattr(source, 'read') and hasattr(source, 'readline'): source_is_file = True else: source = pathlib.Path(source) if source.is_file(): source_is_file = True if source_is_file: _copy_archive(source, target, interpreter) return # We are creating a new archive from a directory. if not source.exists(): raise ZipAppError("Source does not exist") has_main = (source / '__main__.py').is_file() if main and has_main: raise ZipAppError( "Cannot specify entry point if the source has __main__.py") if not (main or has_main): raise ZipAppError("Archive has no entry point") main_py = None if main: # Check that main has the right format. mod, sep, fn = main.partition(':') mod_ok = all(part.isidentifier() for part in mod.split('.')) fn_ok = all(part.isidentifier() for part in fn.split('.')) if not (sep == ':' and mod_ok and fn_ok): raise ZipAppError("Invalid entry point: " + main) main_py = MAIN_TEMPLATE.format(module=mod, fn=fn) if target is None: target = source.with_suffix('.pyz') elif not hasattr(target, 'write'): target = pathlib.Path(target) # Create the list of files to add to the archive now, in case # the target is being created in the source directory - we # don't want the target being added to itself files_to_add = sorted(source.rglob('*')) # The target cannot be in the list of files to add. If it were, we'd # end up overwriting the source file and writing the archive into # itself, which is an error. We therefore check for that case and # provide a helpful message for the user. # Note that we only do a simple path equality check. This won't # catch every case, but it will catch the common case where the # source is the CWD and the target is a file in the CWD. More # thorough checks don't provide enough value to justify the extra # cost. # If target is a file-like object, it will simply fail to compare # equal to any of the entries in files_to_add, so there's no need # to add a special check for that. if target in files_to_add: raise ZipAppError( f"The target archive {target} overwrites one of the source files.") with _maybe_open(target, 'wb') as fd: _write_file_prefix(fd, interpreter) compression = (zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED if compressed else zipfile.ZIP_STORED) with zipfile.ZipFile(fd, 'w', compression=compression) as z: for child in files_to_add: arcname = child.relative_to(source) if filter is None or filter(arcname): z.write(child, arcname.as_posix()) if main_py: z.writestr('__main__.py', main_py.encode('utf-8')) if interpreter and not hasattr(target, 'write'): target.chmod(target.stat().st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC) def get_interpreter(archive): with _maybe_open(archive, 'rb') as f: if f.read(2) == b'#!': return f.readline().strip().decode(shebang_encoding) def main(args=None): """Run the zipapp command line interface. The ARGS parameter lets you specify the argument list directly. Omitting ARGS (or setting it to None) works as for argparse, using sys.argv[1:] as the argument list. """ import argparse parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--output', '-o', default=None, help="The name of the output archive. " "Required if SOURCE is an archive.") parser.add_argument('--python', '-p', default=None, help="The name of the Python interpreter to use " "(default: no shebang line).") parser.add_argument('--main', '-m', default=None, help="The main function of the application " "(default: use an existing __main__.py).") parser.add_argument('--compress', '-c', action='store_true', help="Compress files with the deflate method. " "Files are stored uncompressed by default.") parser.add_argument('--info', default=False, action='store_true', help="Display the interpreter from the archive.") parser.add_argument('source', help="Source directory (or existing archive).") args = parser.parse_args(args) # Handle `python -m zipapp archive.pyz --info`. if args.info: if not os.path.isfile(args.source): raise SystemExit("Can only get info for an archive file") interpreter = get_interpreter(args.source) print("Interpreter: {}".format(interpreter or "<none>")) sys.exit(0) if os.path.isfile(args.source): if args.output is None or (os.path.exists(args.output) and os.path.samefile(args.source, args.output)): raise SystemExit("In-place editing of archives is not supported") if args.main: raise SystemExit("Cannot change the main function when copying") create_archive(args.source, args.output, interpreter=args.python, main=args.main, compressed=args.compress) if __name__ == '__main__': main()