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# frozen_string_literal: true # # = net/http.rb # # Copyright (c) 1999-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto # Copyright (c) 1999-2007 Minero Aoki # Copyright (c) 2001 GOTOU Yuuzou # # Written and maintained by Minero Aoki <aamine@loveruby.net>. # HTTPS support added by GOTOU Yuuzou <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>. # # This file is derived from "http-access.rb". # # Documented by Minero Aoki; converted to RDoc by William Webber. # # This program is free software. You can re-distribute and/or # modify this program under the same terms of ruby itself --- # Ruby Distribution License or GNU General Public License. # # See Gem::Net::HTTP for an overview and examples. # require_relative '../../../net-protocol/lib/net/protocol' require_relative '../../../uri/lib/uri' require_relative '../../../resolv/lib/resolv' autoload :OpenSSL, 'openssl' module Gem::Net #:nodoc: # :stopdoc: class HTTPBadResponse < StandardError; end class HTTPHeaderSyntaxError < StandardError; end # :startdoc: # \Class \Gem::Net::HTTP provides a rich library that implements the client # in a client-server model that uses the \HTTP request-response protocol. # For information about \HTTP, see: # # - {Hypertext Transfer Protocol}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol]. # - {Technical overview}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Technical_overview]. # # == About the Examples # # :include: doc/net-http/examples.rdoc # # == Strategies # # - If you will make only a few GET requests, # consider using {OpenURI}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenURI.html]. # - If you will make only a few requests of all kinds, # consider using the various singleton convenience methods in this class. # Each of the following methods automatically starts and finishes # a {session}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Sessions] that sends a single request: # # # Return string response body. # Gem::Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path) # Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri) # # # Write string response body to $stdout. # Gem::Net::HTTP.get_print(hostname, path) # Gem::Net::HTTP.get_print(uri) # # # Return response as Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object. # Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, path) # Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response(uri) # data = '{"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": 1}' # Gem::Net::HTTP.post(uri, data) # params = {title: 'foo', body: 'bar', userId: 1} # Gem::Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, params) # data = '{"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": 1}' # Gem::Net::HTTP.put(uri, data) # # - If performance is important, consider using sessions, which lower request overhead. # This {session}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Sessions] has multiple requests for # {HTTP methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Request_methods] # and {WebDAV methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV#Implementation]: # # Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http| # # Session started automatically before block execution. # http.get(path) # http.head(path) # body = 'Some text' # http.post(path, body) # Can also have a block. # http.put(path, body) # http.delete(path) # http.options(path) # http.trace(path) # http.patch(path, body) # Can also have a block. # http.copy(path) # http.lock(path, body) # http.mkcol(path, body) # http.move(path) # http.propfind(path, body) # http.proppatch(path, body) # http.unlock(path, body) # # Session finished automatically at block exit. # end # # The methods cited above are convenience methods that, via their few arguments, # allow minimal control over the requests. # For greater control, consider using {request objects}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPRequest]. # # == URIs # # On the internet, a URI # ({Universal Resource Identifier}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier]) # is a string that identifies a particular resource. # It consists of some or all of: scheme, hostname, path, query, and fragment; # see {URI syntax}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Syntax]. # # A Ruby {Gem::URI::Generic}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Gem/URI/Generic.html] object # represents an internet URI. # It provides, among others, methods # +scheme+, +hostname+, +path+, +query+, and +fragment+. # # === Schemes # # An internet \Gem::URI has # a {scheme}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_URI_schemes]. # # The two schemes supported in \Gem::Net::HTTP are <tt>'https'</tt> and <tt>'http'</tt>: # # uri.scheme # => "https" # Gem::URI('http://example.com').scheme # => "http" # # === Hostnames # # A hostname identifies a server (host) to which requests may be sent: # # hostname = uri.hostname # => "jsonplaceholder.typicode.com" # Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http| # # Some HTTP stuff. # end # # === Paths # # A host-specific path identifies a resource on the host: # # _uri = uri.dup # _uri.path = '/todos/1' # hostname = _uri.hostname # path = _uri.path # Gem::Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path) # # === Queries # # A host-specific query adds name/value pairs to the URI: # # _uri = uri.dup # params = {userId: 1, completed: false} # _uri.query = Gem::URI.encode_www_form(params) # _uri # => #<Gem::URI::HTTPS https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com?userId=1&completed=false> # Gem::Net::HTTP.get(_uri) # # === Fragments # # A {URI fragment}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_fragment] has no effect # in \Gem::Net::HTTP; # the same data is returned, regardless of whether a fragment is included. # # == Request Headers # # Request headers may be used to pass additional information to the host, # similar to arguments passed in a method call; # each header is a name/value pair. # # Each of the \Gem::Net::HTTP methods that sends a request to the host # has optional argument +headers+, # where the headers are expressed as a hash of field-name/value pairs: # # headers = {Accept: 'application/json', Connection: 'Keep-Alive'} # Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri, headers) # # See lists of both standard request fields and common request fields at # {Request Fields}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#Request_fields]. # A host may also accept other custom fields. # # == \HTTP Sessions # # A _session_ is a connection between a server (host) and a client that: # # - Is begun by instance method Gem::Net::HTTP#start. # - May contain any number of requests. # - Is ended by instance method Gem::Net::HTTP#finish. # # See example sessions at {Strategies}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Strategies]. # # === Session Using \Gem::Net::HTTP.start # # If you have many requests to make to a single host (and port), # consider using singleton method Gem::Net::HTTP.start with a block; # the method handles the session automatically by: # # - Calling #start before block execution. # - Executing the block. # - Calling #finish after block execution. # # In the block, you can use these instance methods, # each of which that sends a single request: # # - {HTTP methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Request_methods]: # # - #get, #request_get: GET. # - #head, #request_head: HEAD. # - #post, #request_post: POST. # - #delete: DELETE. # - #options: OPTIONS. # - #trace: TRACE. # - #patch: PATCH. # # - {WebDAV methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV#Implementation]: # # - #copy: COPY. # - #lock: LOCK. # - #mkcol: MKCOL. # - #move: MOVE. # - #propfind: PROPFIND. # - #proppatch: PROPPATCH. # - #unlock: UNLOCK. # # === Session Using \Gem::Net::HTTP.start and \Gem::Net::HTTP.finish # # You can manage a session manually using methods #start and #finish: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.start # http.get('/todos/1') # http.get('/todos/2') # http.delete('/posts/1') # http.finish # Needed to free resources. # # === Single-Request Session # # Certain convenience methods automatically handle a session by: # # - Creating an \HTTP object # - Starting a session. # - Sending a single request. # - Finishing the session. # - Destroying the object. # # Such methods that send GET requests: # # - ::get: Returns the string response body. # - ::get_print: Writes the string response body to $stdout. # - ::get_response: Returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object. # # Such methods that send POST requests: # # - ::post: Posts data to the host. # - ::post_form: Posts form data to the host. # # == \HTTP Requests and Responses # # Many of the methods above are convenience methods, # each of which sends a request and returns a string # without directly using \Gem::Net::HTTPRequest and \Gem::Net::HTTPResponse objects. # # You can, however, directly create a request object, send the request, # and retrieve the response object; see: # # - Gem::Net::HTTPRequest. # - Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # == Following Redirection # # Each returned response is an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # See the {response class hierarchy}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPResponse@Response+Subclasses]. # # In particular, class Gem::Net::HTTPRedirection is the parent # of all redirection classes. # This allows you to craft a case statement to handle redirections properly: # # def fetch(uri, limit = 10) # # You should choose a better exception. # raise ArgumentError, 'Too many HTTP redirects' if limit == 0 # # res = Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response(Gem::URI(uri)) # case res # when Gem::Net::HTTPSuccess # Any success class. # res # when Gem::Net::HTTPRedirection # Any redirection class. # location = res['Location'] # warn "Redirected to #{location}" # fetch(location, limit - 1) # else # Any other class. # res.value # end # end # # fetch(uri) # # == Basic Authentication # # Basic authentication is performed according to # {RFC2617}[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt]: # # req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri) # req.basic_auth('user', 'pass') # res = Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http| # http.request(req) # end # # == Streaming Response Bodies # # By default \Gem::Net::HTTP reads an entire response into memory. If you are # handling large files or wish to implement a progress bar you can instead # stream the body directly to an IO. # # Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http| # req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri) # http.request(req) do |res| # open('t.tmp', 'w') do |f| # res.read_body do |chunk| # f.write chunk # end # end # end # end # # == HTTPS # # HTTPS is enabled for an \HTTP connection by Gem::Net::HTTP#use_ssl=: # # Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname, :use_ssl => true) do |http| # req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri) # res = http.request(req) # end # # Or if you simply want to make a GET request, you may pass in a URI # object that has an \HTTPS URL. \Gem::Net::HTTP automatically turns on TLS # verification if the URI object has a 'https' :URI scheme: # # uri # => #<Gem::URI::HTTPS https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/> # Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri) # # == Proxy Server # # An \HTTP object can have # a {proxy server}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server]. # # You can create an \HTTP object with a proxy server # using method Gem::Net::HTTP.new or method Gem::Net::HTTP.start. # # The proxy may be defined either by argument +p_addr+ # or by environment variable <tt>'http_proxy'</tt>. # # === Proxy Using Argument +p_addr+ as a \String # # When argument +p_addr+ is a string hostname, # the returned +http+ has the given host as its proxy: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname, nil, 'proxy.example') # http.proxy? # => true # http.proxy_from_env? # => false # http.proxy_address # => "proxy.example" # # These use default values. # http.proxy_port # => 80 # http.proxy_user # => nil # http.proxy_pass # => nil # # The port, username, and password for the proxy may also be given: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname, nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass') # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false> # http.proxy? # => true # http.proxy_from_env? # => false # http.proxy_address # => "proxy.example" # http.proxy_port # => 8000 # http.proxy_user # => "pname" # http.proxy_pass # => "ppass" # # === Proxy Using '<tt>ENV['http_proxy']</tt>' # # When environment variable <tt>'http_proxy'</tt> # is set to a \Gem::URI string, # the returned +http+ will have the server at that URI as its proxy; # note that the \Gem::URI string must have a protocol # such as <tt>'http'</tt> or <tt>'https'</tt>: # # ENV['http_proxy'] = 'http://example.com' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.proxy? # => true # http.proxy_from_env? # => true # http.proxy_address # => "example.com" # # These use default values. # http.proxy_port # => 80 # http.proxy_user # => nil # http.proxy_pass # => nil # # The \Gem::URI string may include proxy username, password, and port number: # # ENV['http_proxy'] = 'http://pname:ppass@example.com:8000' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.proxy? # => true # http.proxy_from_env? # => true # http.proxy_address # => "example.com" # http.proxy_port # => 8000 # http.proxy_user # => "pname" # http.proxy_pass # => "ppass" # # === Filtering Proxies # # With method Gem::Net::HTTP.new (but not Gem::Net::HTTP.start), # you can use argument +p_no_proxy+ to filter proxies: # # - Reject a certain address: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'proxy.example') # http.proxy_address # => nil # # - Reject certain domains or subdomains: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'my.proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'proxy.example') # http.proxy_address # => nil # # - Reject certain addresses and port combinations: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'proxy.example:1234') # http.proxy_address # => "proxy.example" # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'proxy.example:8000') # http.proxy_address # => nil # # - Reject a list of the types above delimited using a comma: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'my.proxy,proxy.example:8000') # http.proxy_address # => nil # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'my.proxy', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'my.proxy,proxy.example:8000') # http.proxy_address # => nil # # == Compression and Decompression # # \Gem::Net::HTTP does not compress the body of a request before sending. # # By default, \Gem::Net::HTTP adds header <tt>'Accept-Encoding'</tt> # to a new {request object}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPRequest]: # # Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)['Accept-Encoding'] # # => "gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3" # # This requests the server to zip-encode the response body if there is one; # the server is not required to do so. # # \Gem::Net::HTTP does not automatically decompress a response body # if the response has header <tt>'Content-Range'</tt>. # # Otherwise decompression (or not) depends on the value of header # {Content-Encoding}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-encoding-response-header]: # # - <tt>'deflate'</tt>, <tt>'gzip'</tt>, or <tt>'x-gzip'</tt>: # decompresses the body and deletes the header. # - <tt>'none'</tt> or <tt>'identity'</tt>: # does not decompress the body, but deletes the header. # - Any other value: # leaves the body and header unchanged. # # == What's Here # # First, what's elsewhere. Class Gem::Net::HTTP: # # - Inherits from {class Object}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Object.html#class-Object-label-What-27s+Here]. # # This is a categorized summary of methods and attributes. # # === \Gem::Net::HTTP Objects # # - {::new}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.new]: # Creates a new instance. # - {#inspect}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#inspect]: # Returns a string representation of +self+. # # === Sessions # # - {::start}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.start]: # Begins a new session in a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object. # - {#started?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#started?] # (aliased as {#active?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#active?]): # Returns whether in a session. # - {#finish}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#finish]: # Ends an active session. # - {#start}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#start]: # Begins a new session in an existing \Gem::Net::HTTP object (+self+). # # === Connections # # - {:continue_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#continue_timeout]: # Returns the continue timeout. # - {#continue_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#continue_timeout=]: # Sets the continue timeout seconds. # - {:keep_alive_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#keep_alive_timeout]: # Returns the keep-alive timeout. # - {:keep_alive_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#keep_alive_timeout=]: # Sets the keep-alive timeout. # - {:max_retries}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#max_retries]: # Returns the maximum retries. # - {#max_retries=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#max_retries=]: # Sets the maximum retries. # - {:open_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#open_timeout]: # Returns the open timeout. # - {:open_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#open_timeout=]: # Sets the open timeout. # - {:read_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#read_timeout]: # Returns the open timeout. # - {:read_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#read_timeout=]: # Sets the read timeout. # - {:ssl_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ssl_timeout]: # Returns the ssl timeout. # - {:ssl_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ssl_timeout=]: # Sets the ssl timeout. # - {:write_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#write_timeout]: # Returns the write timeout. # - {write_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#write_timeout=]: # Sets the write timeout. # # === Requests # # - {::get}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.get]: # Sends a GET request and returns the string response body. # - {::get_print}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.get_print]: # Sends a GET request and write the string response body to $stdout. # - {::get_response}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response]: # Sends a GET request and returns a response object. # - {::post_form}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.post_form]: # Sends a POST request with form data and returns a response object. # - {::post}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.post]: # Sends a POST request with data and returns a response object. # - {::put}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.put]: # Sends a PUT request with data and returns a response object. # - {#copy}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#copy]: # Sends a COPY request and returns a response object. # - {#delete}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#delete]: # Sends a DELETE request and returns a response object. # - {#get}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#get]: # Sends a GET request and returns a response object. # - {#head}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#head]: # Sends a HEAD request and returns a response object. # - {#lock}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#lock]: # Sends a LOCK request and returns a response object. # - {#mkcol}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#mkcol]: # Sends a MKCOL request and returns a response object. # - {#move}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#move]: # Sends a MOVE request and returns a response object. # - {#options}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#options]: # Sends a OPTIONS request and returns a response object. # - {#patch}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#patch]: # Sends a PATCH request and returns a response object. # - {#post}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#post]: # Sends a POST request and returns a response object. # - {#propfind}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#propfind]: # Sends a PROPFIND request and returns a response object. # - {#proppatch}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proppatch]: # Sends a PROPPATCH request and returns a response object. # - {#put}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#put]: # Sends a PUT request and returns a response object. # - {#request}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request]: # Sends a request and returns a response object. # - {#request_get}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_get] # (aliased as {#get2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#get2]): # Sends a GET request and forms a response object; # if a block given, calls the block with the object, # otherwise returns the object. # - {#request_head}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_head] # (aliased as {#head2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#head2]): # Sends a HEAD request and forms a response object; # if a block given, calls the block with the object, # otherwise returns the object. # - {#request_post}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_post] # (aliased as {#post2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#post2]): # Sends a POST request and forms a response object; # if a block given, calls the block with the object, # otherwise returns the object. # - {#send_request}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#send_request]: # Sends a request and returns a response object. # - {#trace}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#trace]: # Sends a TRACE request and returns a response object. # - {#unlock}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#unlock]: # Sends an UNLOCK request and returns a response object. # # === Responses # # - {:close_on_empty_response}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#close_on_empty_response]: # Returns whether to close connection on empty response. # - {:close_on_empty_response=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#close_on_empty_response=]: # Sets whether to close connection on empty response. # - {:ignore_eof}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ignore_eof]: # Returns whether to ignore end-of-file when reading a response body # with <tt>Content-Length</tt> headers. # - {:ignore_eof=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ignore_eof=]: # Sets whether to ignore end-of-file when reading a response body # with <tt>Content-Length</tt> headers. # - {:response_body_encoding}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#response_body_encoding]: # Returns the encoding to use for the response body. # - {#response_body_encoding=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#response_body_encoding=]: # Sets the response body encoding. # # === Proxies # # - {:proxy_address}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_address]: # Returns the proxy address. # - {:proxy_address=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_address=]: # Sets the proxy address. # - {::proxy_class?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.proxy_class?]: # Returns whether +self+ is a proxy class. # - {#proxy?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy?]: # Returns whether +self+ has a proxy. # - {#proxy_address}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_address] # (aliased as {#proxyaddr}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxyaddr]): # Returns the proxy address. # - {#proxy_from_env?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_from_env?]: # Returns whether the proxy is taken from an environment variable. # - {:proxy_from_env=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_from_env=]: # Sets whether the proxy is to be taken from an environment variable. # - {:proxy_pass}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_pass]: # Returns the proxy password. # - {:proxy_pass=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_pass=]: # Sets the proxy password. # - {:proxy_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_port]: # Returns the proxy port. # - {:proxy_port=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_port=]: # Sets the proxy port. # - {#proxy_user}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_user]: # Returns the proxy user name. # - {:proxy_user=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_user=]: # Sets the proxy user. # # === Security # # - {:ca_file}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ca_file]: # Returns the path to a CA certification file. # - {:ca_file=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ca_file=]: # Sets the path to a CA certification file. # - {:ca_path}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ca_path]: # Returns the path of to CA directory containing certification files. # - {:ca_path=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ca_path=]: # Sets the path of to CA directory containing certification files. # - {:cert}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#cert]: # Returns the OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object to be used for client certification. # - {:cert=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#cert=]: # Sets the OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object to be used for client certification. # - {:cert_store}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#cert_store]: # Returns the X509::Store to be used for verifying peer certificate. # - {:cert_store=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#cert_store=]: # Sets the X509::Store to be used for verifying peer certificate. # - {:ciphers}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ciphers]: # Returns the available SSL ciphers. # - {:ciphers=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ciphers=]: # Sets the available SSL ciphers. # - {:extra_chain_cert}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#extra_chain_cert]: # Returns the extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate chain. # - {:extra_chain_cert=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#extra_chain_cert=]: # Sets the extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate chain. # - {:key}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#key]: # Returns the OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object. # - {:key=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#key=]: # Sets the OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object. # - {:max_version}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#max_version]: # Returns the maximum SSL version. # - {:max_version=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#max_version=]: # Sets the maximum SSL version. # - {:min_version}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#min_version]: # Returns the minimum SSL version. # - {:min_version=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#min_version=]: # Sets the minimum SSL version. # - {#peer_cert}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#peer_cert]: # Returns the X509 certificate chain for the session's socket peer. # - {:ssl_version}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ssl_version]: # Returns the SSL version. # - {:ssl_version=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ssl_version=]: # Sets the SSL version. # - {#use_ssl=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#use_ssl=]: # Sets whether a new session is to use Transport Layer Security. # - {#use_ssl?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#use_ssl?]: # Returns whether +self+ uses SSL. # - {:verify_callback}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_callback]: # Returns the callback for the server certification verification. # - {:verify_callback=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_callback=]: # Sets the callback for the server certification verification. # - {:verify_depth}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_depth]: # Returns the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification. # - {:verify_depth=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_depth=]: # Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification. # - {:verify_hostname}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_hostname]: # Returns the flags for server the certification verification at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session. # - {:verify_hostname=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_hostname=]: # Sets he flags for server the certification verification at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session. # - {:verify_mode}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_mode]: # Returns the flags for server the certification verification at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session. # - {:verify_mode=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_mode=]: # Sets the flags for server the certification verification at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session. # # === Addresses and Ports # # - {:address}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#address]: # Returns the string host name or host IP. # - {::default_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.default_port]: # Returns integer 80, the default port to use for HTTP requests. # - {::http_default_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.http_default_port]: # Returns integer 80, the default port to use for HTTP requests. # - {::https_default_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.https_default_port]: # Returns integer 443, the default port to use for HTTPS requests. # - {#ipaddr}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ipaddr]: # Returns the IP address for the connection. # - {#ipaddr=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ipaddr=]: # Sets the IP address for the connection. # - {:local_host}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#local_host]: # Returns the string local host used to establish the connection. # - {:local_host=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#local_host=]: # Sets the string local host used to establish the connection. # - {:local_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#local_port]: # Returns the integer local port used to establish the connection. # - {:local_port=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#local_port=]: # Sets the integer local port used to establish the connection. # - {:port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#port]: # Returns the integer port number. # # === \HTTP Version # # - {::version_1_2?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.version_1_2?] # (aliased as {::is_version_1_2?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.is_version_1_2?] # and {::version_1_2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.version_1_2]): # Returns true; retained for compatibility. # # === Debugging # # - {#set_debug_output}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#set_debug_output]: # Sets the output stream for debugging. # class HTTP < Protocol # :stopdoc: VERSION = "0.6.0" HTTPVersion = '1.1' begin require 'zlib' HAVE_ZLIB=true rescue LoadError HAVE_ZLIB=false end # :startdoc: # Returns +true+; retained for compatibility. def HTTP.version_1_2 true end # Returns +true+; retained for compatibility. def HTTP.version_1_2? true end # Returns +false+; retained for compatibility. def HTTP.version_1_1? #:nodoc: false end class << HTTP alias is_version_1_1? version_1_1? #:nodoc: alias is_version_1_2? version_1_2? #:nodoc: end # :call-seq: # Gem::Net::HTTP.get_print(hostname, path, port = 80) -> nil # Gem::Net::HTTP:get_print(uri, headers = {}, port = uri.port) -> nil # # Like Gem::Net::HTTP.get, but writes the returned body to $stdout; # returns +nil+. def HTTP.get_print(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil) get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers, port) {|res| res.read_body do |chunk| $stdout.print chunk end } nil end # :call-seq: # Gem::Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path, port = 80) -> body # Gem::Net::HTTP:get(uri, headers = {}, port = uri.port) -> body # # Sends a GET request and returns the \HTTP response body as a string. # # With string arguments +hostname+ and +path+: # # hostname = 'jsonplaceholder.typicode.com' # path = '/todos/1' # puts Gem::Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path) # # Output: # # { # "userId": 1, # "id": 1, # "title": "delectus aut autem", # "completed": false # } # # With URI object +uri+ and optional hash argument +headers+: # # uri = Gem::URI('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1') # headers = {'Content-type' => 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'} # Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri, headers) # # Related: # # - Gem::Net::HTTP::Get: request class for \HTTP method +GET+. # - Gem::Net::HTTP#get: convenience method for \HTTP method +GET+. # def HTTP.get(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil) get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers, port).body end # :call-seq: # Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, path, port = 80) -> http_response # Gem::Net::HTTP:get_response(uri, headers = {}, port = uri.port) -> http_response # # Like Gem::Net::HTTP.get, but returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object # instead of the body string. def HTTP.get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil, &block) if path_or_headers && !path_or_headers.is_a?(Hash) host = uri_or_host path = path_or_headers new(host, port || HTTP.default_port).start {|http| return http.request_get(path, &block) } else uri = uri_or_host headers = path_or_headers start(uri.hostname, uri.port, :use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https') {|http| return http.request_get(uri, headers, &block) } end end # Posts data to a host; returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object. # # Argument +url+ must be a URL; # argument +data+ must be a string: # # _uri = uri.dup # _uri.path = '/posts' # data = '{"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": 1}' # headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} # res = Gem::Net::HTTP.post(_uri, data, headers) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # puts res.body # # Output: # # { # "title": "foo", # "body": "bar", # "userId": 1, # "id": 101 # } # # Related: # # - Gem::Net::HTTP::Post: request class for \HTTP method +POST+. # - Gem::Net::HTTP#post: convenience method for \HTTP method +POST+. # def HTTP.post(url, data, header = nil) start(url.hostname, url.port, :use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http| http.post(url, data, header) } end # Posts data to a host; returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object. # # Argument +url+ must be a URI; # argument +data+ must be a hash: # # _uri = uri.dup # _uri.path = '/posts' # data = {title: 'foo', body: 'bar', userId: 1} # res = Gem::Net::HTTP.post_form(_uri, data) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # puts res.body # # Output: # # { # "title": "foo", # "body": "bar", # "userId": "1", # "id": 101 # } # def HTTP.post_form(url, params) req = Post.new(url) req.form_data = params req.basic_auth url.user, url.password if url.user start(url.hostname, url.port, :use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http| http.request(req) } end # Sends a PUT request to the server; returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object. # # Argument +url+ must be a URL; # argument +data+ must be a string: # # _uri = uri.dup # _uri.path = '/posts' # data = '{"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": 1}' # headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} # res = Gem::Net::HTTP.put(_uri, data, headers) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # puts res.body # # Output: # # { # "title": "foo", # "body": "bar", # "userId": 1, # "id": 101 # } # # Related: # # - Gem::Net::HTTP::Put: request class for \HTTP method +PUT+. # - Gem::Net::HTTP#put: convenience method for \HTTP method +PUT+. # def HTTP.put(url, data, header = nil) start(url.hostname, url.port, :use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http| http.put(url, data, header) } end # # \HTTP session management # # Returns integer +80+, the default port to use for \HTTP requests: # # Gem::Net::HTTP.default_port # => 80 # def HTTP.default_port http_default_port() end # Returns integer +80+, the default port to use for \HTTP requests: # # Gem::Net::HTTP.http_default_port # => 80 # def HTTP.http_default_port 80 end # Returns integer +443+, the default port to use for HTTPS requests: # # Gem::Net::HTTP.https_default_port # => 443 # def HTTP.https_default_port 443 end def HTTP.socket_type #:nodoc: obsolete BufferedIO end # :call-seq: # HTTP.start(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, opts) -> http # HTTP.start(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, opts) {|http| ... } -> object # # Creates a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object, +http+, via \Gem::Net::HTTP.new: # # - For arguments +address+ and +port+, see Gem::Net::HTTP.new. # - For proxy-defining arguments +p_addr+ through +p_pass+, # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. # - For argument +opts+, see below. # # With no block given: # # - Calls <tt>http.start</tt> with no block (see #start), # which opens a TCP connection and \HTTP session. # - Returns +http+. # - The caller should call #finish to close the session: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) # http.started? # => true # http.finish # http.started? # => false # # With a block given: # # - Calls <tt>http.start</tt> with the block (see #start), which: # # - Opens a TCP connection and \HTTP session. # - Calls the block, # which may make any number of requests to the host. # - Closes the \HTTP session and TCP connection on block exit. # - Returns the block's value +object+. # # - Returns +object+. # # Example: # # hostname = 'jsonplaceholder.typicode.com' # Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http| # puts http.get('/todos/1').body # puts http.get('/todos/2').body # end # # Output: # # { # "userId": 1, # "id": 1, # "title": "delectus aut autem", # "completed": false # } # { # "userId": 1, # "id": 2, # "title": "quis ut nam facilis et officia qui", # "completed": false # } # # If the last argument given is a hash, it is the +opts+ hash, # where each key is a method or accessor to be called, # and its value is the value to be set. # # The keys may include: # # - #ca_file # - #ca_path # - #cert # - #cert_store # - #ciphers # - #close_on_empty_response # - +ipaddr+ (calls #ipaddr=) # - #keep_alive_timeout # - #key # - #open_timeout # - #read_timeout # - #ssl_timeout # - #ssl_version # - +use_ssl+ (calls #use_ssl=) # - #verify_callback # - #verify_depth # - #verify_mode # - #write_timeout # # Note: If +port+ is +nil+ and <tt>opts[:use_ssl]</tt> is a truthy value, # the value passed to +new+ is Gem::Net::HTTP.https_default_port, not +port+. # def HTTP.start(address, *arg, &block) # :yield: +http+ arg.pop if opt = Hash.try_convert(arg[-1]) port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass = *arg p_addr = :ENV if arg.size < 2 port = https_default_port if !port && opt && opt[:use_ssl] http = new(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass) http.ipaddr = opt[:ipaddr] if opt && opt[:ipaddr] if opt if opt[:use_ssl] opt = {verify_mode: OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER}.update(opt) end http.methods.grep(/\A(\w+)=\z/) do |meth| key = $1.to_sym opt.key?(key) or next http.__send__(meth, opt[key]) end end http.start(&block) end class << HTTP alias newobj new # :nodoc: end # Returns a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object +http+ # (but does not open a TCP connection or \HTTP session). # # With only string argument +address+ given # (and <tt>ENV['http_proxy']</tt> undefined or +nil+), # the returned +http+: # # - Has the given address. # - Has the default port number, Gem::Net::HTTP.default_port (80). # - Has no proxy. # # Example: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false> # http.address # => "jsonplaceholder.typicode.com" # http.port # => 80 # http.proxy? # => false # # With integer argument +port+ also given, # the returned +http+ has the given port: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname, 8000) # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:8000 open=false> # http.port # => 8000 # # For proxy-defining arguments +p_addr+ through +p_no_proxy+, # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. # def HTTP.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_no_proxy = nil, p_use_ssl = nil) http = super address, port if proxy_class? then # from Gem::Net::HTTP::Proxy() http.proxy_from_env = @proxy_from_env http.proxy_address = @proxy_address http.proxy_port = @proxy_port http.proxy_user = @proxy_user http.proxy_pass = @proxy_pass http.proxy_use_ssl = @proxy_use_ssl elsif p_addr == :ENV then http.proxy_from_env = true else if p_addr && p_no_proxy && !Gem::URI::Generic.use_proxy?(address, address, port, p_no_proxy) p_addr = nil p_port = nil end http.proxy_address = p_addr http.proxy_port = p_port || default_port http.proxy_user = p_user http.proxy_pass = p_pass http.proxy_use_ssl = p_use_ssl end http end class << HTTP # Allows to set the default configuration that will be used # when creating a new connection. # # Example: # # Gem::Net::HTTP.default_configuration = { # read_timeout: 1, # write_timeout: 1 # } # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.open_timeout # => 60 # http.read_timeout # => 1 # http.write_timeout # => 1 # attr_accessor :default_configuration end # Creates a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object for the specified server address, # without opening the TCP connection or initializing the \HTTP session. # The +address+ should be a DNS hostname or IP address. def initialize(address, port = nil) # :nodoc: defaults = { keep_alive_timeout: 2, close_on_empty_response: false, open_timeout: 60, read_timeout: 60, write_timeout: 60, continue_timeout: nil, max_retries: 1, debug_output: nil, response_body_encoding: false, ignore_eof: true } options = defaults.merge(self.class.default_configuration || {}) @address = address @port = (port || HTTP.default_port) @ipaddr = nil @local_host = nil @local_port = nil @curr_http_version = HTTPVersion @keep_alive_timeout = options[:keep_alive_timeout] @last_communicated = nil @close_on_empty_response = options[:close_on_empty_response] @socket = nil @started = false @open_timeout = options[:open_timeout] @read_timeout = options[:read_timeout] @write_timeout = options[:write_timeout] @continue_timeout = options[:continue_timeout] @max_retries = options[:max_retries] @debug_output = options[:debug_output] @response_body_encoding = options[:response_body_encoding] @ignore_eof = options[:ignore_eof] @proxy_from_env = false @proxy_uri = nil @proxy_address = nil @proxy_port = nil @proxy_user = nil @proxy_pass = nil @proxy_use_ssl = nil @use_ssl = false @ssl_context = nil @ssl_session = nil @sspi_enabled = false SSL_IVNAMES.each do |ivname| instance_variable_set ivname, nil end end # Returns a string representation of +self+: # # Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname).inspect # # => "#<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>" # def inspect "#<#{self.class} #{@address}:#{@port} open=#{started?}>" end # *WARNING* This method opens a serious security hole. # Never use this method in production code. # # Sets the output stream for debugging: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # File.open('t.tmp', 'w') do |file| # http.set_debug_output(file) # http.start # http.get('/nosuch/1') # http.finish # end # puts File.read('t.tmp') # # Output: # # opening connection to jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80... # opened # <- "GET /nosuch/1 HTTP/1.1\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3\r\nAccept: */*\r\nUser-Agent: Ruby\r\nHost: jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\r\n\r\n" # -> "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n" # -> "Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2022 21:14:11 GMT\r\n" # -> "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8\r\n" # -> "Content-Length: 2\r\n" # -> "Connection: keep-alive\r\n" # -> "X-Powered-By: Express\r\n" # -> "X-Ratelimit-Limit: 1000\r\n" # -> "X-Ratelimit-Remaining: 999\r\n" # -> "X-Ratelimit-Reset: 1670879660\r\n" # -> "Vary: Origin, Accept-Encoding\r\n" # -> "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\n" # -> "Cache-Control: max-age=43200\r\n" # -> "Pragma: no-cache\r\n" # -> "Expires: -1\r\n" # -> "X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\r\n" # -> "Etag: W/\"2-vyGp6PvFo4RvsFtPoIWeCReyIC8\"\r\n" # -> "Via: 1.1 vegur\r\n" # -> "CF-Cache-Status: MISS\r\n" # -> "Server-Timing: cf-q-config;dur=1.3000000762986e-05\r\n" # -> "Report-To: {\"endpoints\":[{\"url\":\"https:\\/\\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\\/report\\/v3?s=yOr40jo%2BwS1KHzhTlVpl54beJ5Wx2FcG4gGV0XVrh3X9OlR5q4drUn2dkt5DGO4GDcE%2BVXT7CNgJvGs%2BZleIyMu8CLieFiDIvOviOY3EhHg94m0ZNZgrEdpKD0S85S507l1vsEwEHkoTm%2Ff19SiO\"}],\"group\":\"cf-nel\",\"max_age\":604800}\r\n" # -> "NEL: {\"success_fraction\":0,\"report_to\":\"cf-nel\",\"max_age\":604800}\r\n" # -> "Server: cloudflare\r\n" # -> "CF-RAY: 778977dc484ce591-DFW\r\n" # -> "alt-svc: h3=\":443\"; ma=86400, h3-29=\":443\"; ma=86400\r\n" # -> "\r\n" # reading 2 bytes... # -> "{}" # read 2 bytes # Conn keep-alive # def set_debug_output(output) warn 'Gem::Net::HTTP#set_debug_output called after HTTP started', uplevel: 1 if started? @debug_output = output end # Returns the string host name or host IP given as argument +address+ in ::new. attr_reader :address # Returns the integer port number given as argument +port+ in ::new. attr_reader :port # Sets or returns the string local host used to establish the connection; # initially +nil+. attr_accessor :local_host # Sets or returns the integer local port used to establish the connection; # initially +nil+. attr_accessor :local_port # Returns the encoding to use for the response body; # see #response_body_encoding=. attr_reader :response_body_encoding # Sets the encoding to be used for the response body; # returns the encoding. # # The given +value+ may be: # # - An Encoding object. # - The name of an encoding. # - An alias for an encoding name. # # See {Encoding}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Encoding.html]. # # Examples: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.response_body_encoding = Encoding::US_ASCII # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII> # http.response_body_encoding = 'US-ASCII' # => "US-ASCII" # http.response_body_encoding = 'ASCII' # => "ASCII" # def response_body_encoding=(value) value = Encoding.find(value) if value.is_a?(String) @response_body_encoding = value end # Sets whether to determine the proxy from environment variable # '<tt>ENV['http_proxy']</tt>'; # see {Proxy Using ENV['http_proxy']}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Using+-27ENV-5B-27http_proxy-27-5D-27]. attr_writer :proxy_from_env # Sets the proxy address; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. attr_writer :proxy_address # Sets the proxy port; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. attr_writer :proxy_port # Sets the proxy user; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. attr_writer :proxy_user # Sets the proxy password; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. attr_writer :proxy_pass attr_writer :proxy_use_ssl # Returns the IP address for the connection. # # If the session has not been started, # returns the value set by #ipaddr=, # or +nil+ if it has not been set: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.ipaddr # => nil # http.ipaddr = '172.67.155.76' # http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76" # # If the session has been started, # returns the IP address from the socket: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.start # http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76" # http.finish # def ipaddr started? ? @socket.io.peeraddr[3] : @ipaddr end # Sets the IP address for the connection: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.ipaddr # => nil # http.ipaddr = '172.67.155.76' # http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76" # # The IP address may not be set if the session has been started. def ipaddr=(addr) raise IOError, "ipaddr value changed, but session already started" if started? @ipaddr = addr end # Sets or returns the numeric (\Integer or \Float) number of seconds # to wait for a connection to open; # initially 60. # If the connection is not made in the given interval, # an exception is raised. attr_accessor :open_timeout # Returns the numeric (\Integer or \Float) number of seconds # to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call); # see #read_timeout=. attr_reader :read_timeout # Returns the numeric (\Integer or \Float) number of seconds # to wait for one block to be written (via one write(2) call); # see #write_timeout=. attr_reader :write_timeout # Sets the maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request in case of # \Gem::Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET, # Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, # Gem::Timeout::Error. # The initial value is 1. # # Argument +retries+ must be a non-negative numeric value: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.max_retries = 2 # => 2 # http.max_retries # => 2 # def max_retries=(retries) retries = retries.to_int if retries < 0 raise ArgumentError, 'max_retries should be non-negative integer number' end @max_retries = retries end # Returns the maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request; # see #max_retries=. attr_reader :max_retries # Sets the read timeout, in seconds, for +self+ to integer +sec+; # the initial value is 60. # # Argument +sec+ must be a non-negative numeric value: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.read_timeout # => 60 # http.get('/todos/1') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # http.read_timeout = 0 # http.get('/todos/1') # Raises Gem::Net::ReadTimeout. # def read_timeout=(sec) @socket.read_timeout = sec if @socket @read_timeout = sec end # Sets the write timeout, in seconds, for +self+ to integer +sec+; # the initial value is 60. # # Argument +sec+ must be a non-negative numeric value: # # _uri = uri.dup # _uri.path = '/posts' # body = 'bar' * 200000 # data = <<EOF # {"title": "foo", "body": "#{body}", "userId": "1"} # EOF # headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.write_timeout # => 60 # http.post(_uri.path, data, headers) # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # http.write_timeout = 0 # http.post(_uri.path, data, headers) # Raises Gem::Net::WriteTimeout. # def write_timeout=(sec) @socket.write_timeout = sec if @socket @write_timeout = sec end # Returns the continue timeout value; # see continue_timeout=. attr_reader :continue_timeout # Sets the continue timeout value, # which is the number of seconds to wait for an expected 100 Continue response. # If the \HTTP object does not receive a response in this many seconds # it sends the request body. def continue_timeout=(sec) @socket.continue_timeout = sec if @socket @continue_timeout = sec end # Sets or returns the numeric (\Integer or \Float) number of seconds # to keep the connection open after a request is sent; # initially 2. # If a new request is made during the given interval, # the still-open connection is used; # otherwise the connection will have been closed # and a new connection is opened. attr_accessor :keep_alive_timeout # Sets or returns whether to ignore end-of-file when reading a response body # with <tt>Content-Length</tt> headers; # initially +true+. attr_accessor :ignore_eof # Returns +true+ if the \HTTP session has been started: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.started? # => false # http.start # http.started? # => true # http.finish # => nil # http.started? # => false # # Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http| # http.started? # end # => true # http.started? # => false # def started? @started end alias active? started? #:nodoc: obsolete # Sets or returns whether to close the connection when the response is empty; # initially +false+. attr_accessor :close_on_empty_response # Returns +true+ if +self+ uses SSL, +false+ otherwise. # See Gem::Net::HTTP#use_ssl=. def use_ssl? @use_ssl end # Sets whether a new session is to use # {Transport Layer Security}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security]: # # Raises IOError if attempting to change during a session. # # Raises OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError if the port is not an HTTPS port. def use_ssl=(flag) flag = flag ? true : false if started? and @use_ssl != flag raise IOError, "use_ssl value changed, but session already started" end @use_ssl = flag end SSL_ATTRIBUTES = [ :ca_file, :ca_path, :cert, :cert_store, :ciphers, :extra_chain_cert, :key, :ssl_timeout, :ssl_version, :min_version, :max_version, :verify_callback, :verify_depth, :verify_mode, :verify_hostname, ] # :nodoc: SSL_IVNAMES = SSL_ATTRIBUTES.map { |a| "@#{a}".to_sym } # :nodoc: # Sets or returns the path to a CA certification file in PEM format. attr_accessor :ca_file # Sets or returns the path of to CA directory # containing certification files in PEM format. attr_accessor :ca_path # Sets or returns the OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object # to be used for client certification. attr_accessor :cert # Sets or returns the X509::Store to be used for verifying peer certificate. attr_accessor :cert_store # Sets or returns the available SSL ciphers. # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ciphers=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-ciphers-3D]. attr_accessor :ciphers # Sets or returns the extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate chain. # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#add_certificate}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-add_certificate]. attr_accessor :extra_chain_cert # Sets or returns the OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object. attr_accessor :key # Sets or returns the SSL timeout seconds. attr_accessor :ssl_timeout # Sets or returns the SSL version. # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-ssl_version-3D]. attr_accessor :ssl_version # Sets or returns the minimum SSL version. # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-min_version-3D]. attr_accessor :min_version # Sets or returns the maximum SSL version. # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#max_version=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-max_version-3D]. attr_accessor :max_version # Sets or returns the callback for the server certification verification. attr_accessor :verify_callback # Sets or returns the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification. attr_accessor :verify_depth # Sets or returns the flags for server the certification verification # at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session. # OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE or OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER are acceptable. attr_accessor :verify_mode # Sets or returns whether to verify that the server certificate is valid # for the hostname. # See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#verify_hostname=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#attribute-i-verify_mode]. attr_accessor :verify_hostname # Returns the X509 certificate chain (an array of strings) # for the session's socket peer, # or +nil+ if none. def peer_cert if not use_ssl? or not @socket return nil end @socket.io.peer_cert end # Starts an \HTTP session. # # Without a block, returns +self+: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false> # http.start # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=true> # http.started? # => true # http.finish # # With a block, calls the block with +self+, # finishes the session when the block exits, # and returns the block's value: # # http.start do |http| # http # end # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false> # http.started? # => false # def start # :yield: http raise IOError, 'HTTP session already opened' if @started if block_given? begin do_start return yield(self) ensure do_finish end end do_start self end def do_start connect @started = true end private :do_start def connect if use_ssl? # reference early to load OpenSSL before connecting, # as OpenSSL may take time to load. @ssl_context = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new end if proxy? then conn_addr = proxy_address conn_port = proxy_port else conn_addr = conn_address conn_port = port end debug "opening connection to #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..." s = Gem::Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Gem::Net::OpenTimeout) { begin TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port) rescue => e raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " + "#{conn_addr}:#{conn_port} (#{e.message})" end } s.setsockopt(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1) debug "opened" if use_ssl? if proxy? if @proxy_use_ssl proxy_sock = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(s) ssl_socket_connect(proxy_sock, @open_timeout) else proxy_sock = s end proxy_sock = BufferedIO.new(proxy_sock, read_timeout: @read_timeout, write_timeout: @write_timeout, continue_timeout: @continue_timeout, debug_output: @debug_output) buf = +"CONNECT #{conn_address}:#{@port} HTTP/#{HTTPVersion}\r\n" \ "Host: #{@address}:#{@port}\r\n" if proxy_user credential = ["#{proxy_user}:#{proxy_pass}"].pack('m0') buf << "Proxy-Authorization: Basic #{credential}\r\n" end buf << "\r\n" proxy_sock.write(buf) HTTPResponse.read_new(proxy_sock).value # assuming nothing left in buffers after successful CONNECT response end ssl_parameters = Hash.new iv_list = instance_variables SSL_IVNAMES.each_with_index do |ivname, i| if iv_list.include?(ivname) value = instance_variable_get(ivname) unless value.nil? ssl_parameters[SSL_ATTRIBUTES[i]] = value end end end @ssl_context.set_params(ssl_parameters) unless @ssl_context.session_cache_mode.nil? # a dummy method on JRuby @ssl_context.session_cache_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_CLIENT | OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE end if @ssl_context.respond_to?(:session_new_cb) # not implemented under JRuby @ssl_context.session_new_cb = proc {|sock, sess| @ssl_session = sess } end # Still do the post_connection_check below even if connecting # to IP address verify_hostname = @ssl_context.verify_hostname # Server Name Indication (SNI) RFC 3546/6066 case @address when Gem::Resolv::IPv4::Regex, Gem::Resolv::IPv6::Regex # don't set SNI, as IP addresses in SNI is not valid # per RFC 6066, section 3. # Avoid openssl warning @ssl_context.verify_hostname = false else ssl_host_address = @address end debug "starting SSL for #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..." s = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(s, @ssl_context) s.sync_close = true s.hostname = ssl_host_address if s.respond_to?(:hostname=) && ssl_host_address if @ssl_session and Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME) < @ssl_session.time.to_f + @ssl_session.timeout s.session = @ssl_session end ssl_socket_connect(s, @open_timeout) if (@ssl_context.verify_mode != OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE) && verify_hostname s.post_connection_check(@address) end debug "SSL established, protocol: #{s.ssl_version}, cipher: #{s.cipher[0]}" end @socket = BufferedIO.new(s, read_timeout: @read_timeout, write_timeout: @write_timeout, continue_timeout: @continue_timeout, debug_output: @debug_output) @last_communicated = nil on_connect rescue => exception if s debug "Conn close because of connect error #{exception}" s.close end raise end private :connect def on_connect end private :on_connect # Finishes the \HTTP session: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.start # http.started? # => true # http.finish # => nil # http.started? # => false # # Raises IOError if not in a session. def finish raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started? do_finish end def do_finish @started = false @socket.close if @socket @socket = nil end private :do_finish # # proxy # public # no proxy @is_proxy_class = false @proxy_from_env = false @proxy_addr = nil @proxy_port = nil @proxy_user = nil @proxy_pass = nil @proxy_use_ssl = nil # Creates an \HTTP proxy class which behaves like \Gem::Net::HTTP, but # performs all access via the specified proxy. # # This class is obsolete. You may pass these same parameters directly to # \Gem::Net::HTTP.new. See Gem::Net::HTTP.new for details of the arguments. def HTTP.Proxy(p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_use_ssl = nil) #:nodoc: return self unless p_addr Class.new(self) { @is_proxy_class = true if p_addr == :ENV then @proxy_from_env = true @proxy_address = nil @proxy_port = nil else @proxy_from_env = false @proxy_address = p_addr @proxy_port = p_port || default_port end @proxy_user = p_user @proxy_pass = p_pass @proxy_use_ssl = p_use_ssl } end class << HTTP # Returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy. def proxy_class? defined?(@is_proxy_class) ? @is_proxy_class : false end # Returns the address of the proxy host, or +nil+ if none; # see Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server. attr_reader :proxy_address # Returns the port number of the proxy host, or +nil+ if none; # see Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server. attr_reader :proxy_port # Returns the user name for accessing the proxy, or +nil+ if none; # see Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server. attr_reader :proxy_user # Returns the password for accessing the proxy, or +nil+ if none; # see Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server. attr_reader :proxy_pass # Use SSL when talking to the proxy. If Gem::Net::HTTP does not use a proxy, nil. attr_reader :proxy_use_ssl end # Returns +true+ if a proxy server is defined, +false+ otherwise; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. def proxy? !!(@proxy_from_env ? proxy_uri : @proxy_address) end # Returns +true+ if the proxy server is defined in the environment, # +false+ otherwise; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. def proxy_from_env? @proxy_from_env end # The proxy URI determined from the environment for this connection. def proxy_uri # :nodoc: return if @proxy_uri == false @proxy_uri ||= Gem::URI::HTTP.new( "http", nil, address, port, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil ).find_proxy || false @proxy_uri || nil end # Returns the address of the proxy server, if defined, +nil+ otherwise; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. def proxy_address if @proxy_from_env then proxy_uri&.hostname else @proxy_address end end # Returns the port number of the proxy server, if defined, +nil+ otherwise; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. def proxy_port if @proxy_from_env then proxy_uri&.port else @proxy_port end end # Returns the user name of the proxy server, if defined, +nil+ otherwise; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. def proxy_user if @proxy_from_env user = proxy_uri&.user unescape(user) if user else @proxy_user end end # Returns the password of the proxy server, if defined, +nil+ otherwise; # see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server]. def proxy_pass if @proxy_from_env pass = proxy_uri&.password unescape(pass) if pass else @proxy_pass end end alias proxyaddr proxy_address #:nodoc: obsolete alias proxyport proxy_port #:nodoc: obsolete private def unescape(value) require 'cgi/util' CGI.unescape(value) end # without proxy, obsolete def conn_address # :nodoc: @ipaddr || address() end def conn_port # :nodoc: port() end def edit_path(path) if proxy? if path.start_with?("ftp://") || use_ssl? path else "http://#{addr_port}#{path}" end else path end end # # HTTP operations # public # :call-seq: # get(path, initheader = nil) {|res| ... } # # Sends a GET request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Get object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # With a block given, calls the block with the response body: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.get('/todos/1') do |res| # p res # end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # # Output: # # "{\n \"userId\": 1,\n \"id\": 1,\n \"title\": \"delectus aut autem\",\n \"completed\": false\n}" # # With no block given, simply returns the response object: # # http.get('/') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # # Related: # # - Gem::Net::HTTP::Get: request class for \HTTP method GET. # - Gem::Net::HTTP.get: sends GET request, returns response body. # def get(path, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+ res = nil request(Get.new(path, initheader)) {|r| r.read_body dest, &block res = r } res end # Sends a HEAD request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Head object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+: # # res = http.head('/todos/1') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # res.body # => nil # res.to_hash.take(3) # # => # [["date", ["Wed, 15 Feb 2023 15:25:42 GMT"]], # ["content-type", ["application/json; charset=utf-8"]], # ["connection", ["close"]]] # def head(path, initheader = nil) request(Head.new(path, initheader)) end # :call-seq: # post(path, data, initheader = nil) {|res| ... } # # Sends a POST request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Post object # created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # With a block given, calls the block with the response body: # # data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.post('/todos', data) do |res| # p res # end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # # Output: # # "{\n \"{\\\"userId\\\": 1, \\\"id\\\": 1, \\\"title\\\": \\\"delectus aut autem\\\", \\\"completed\\\": false}\": \"\",\n \"id\": 201\n}" # # With no block given, simply returns the response object: # # http.post('/todos', data) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # # Related: # # - Gem::Net::HTTP::Post: request class for \HTTP method POST. # - Gem::Net::HTTP.post: sends POST request, returns response body. # def post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+ send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Post, &block) end # :call-seq: # patch(path, data, initheader = nil) {|res| ... } # # Sends a PATCH request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Patch object # created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # With a block given, calls the block with the response body: # # data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.patch('/todos/1', data) do |res| # p res # end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # # Output: # # "{\n \"userId\": 1,\n \"id\": 1,\n \"title\": \"delectus aut autem\",\n \"completed\": false,\n \"{\\\"userId\\\": 1, \\\"id\\\": 1, \\\"title\\\": \\\"delectus aut autem\\\", \\\"completed\\\": false}\": \"\"\n}" # # With no block given, simply returns the response object: # # http.patch('/todos/1', data) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # def patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+ send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Patch, &block) end # Sends a PUT request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Put object # created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.put('/todos/1', data) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # # Related: # # - Gem::Net::HTTP::Put: request class for \HTTP method PUT. # - Gem::Net::HTTP.put: sends PUT request, returns response body. # def put(path, data, initheader = nil) request(Put.new(path, initheader), data) end # Sends a PROPPATCH request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Proppatch object # created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.proppatch('/todos/1', data) # def proppatch(path, body, initheader = nil) request(Proppatch.new(path, initheader), body) end # Sends a LOCK request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Lock object # created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.lock('/todos/1', data) # def lock(path, body, initheader = nil) request(Lock.new(path, initheader), body) end # Sends an UNLOCK request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Unlock object # created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.unlock('/todos/1', data) # def unlock(path, body, initheader = nil) request(Unlock.new(path, initheader), body) end # Sends an Options request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Options object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.options('/') # def options(path, initheader = nil) request(Options.new(path, initheader)) end # Sends a PROPFIND request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Propfind object # created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}' # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.propfind('/todos/1', data) # def propfind(path, body = nil, initheader = {'Depth' => '0'}) request(Propfind.new(path, initheader), body) end # Sends a DELETE request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Delete object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.delete('/todos/1') # def delete(path, initheader = {'Depth' => 'Infinity'}) request(Delete.new(path, initheader)) end # Sends a MOVE request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Move object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.move('/todos/1') # def move(path, initheader = nil) request(Move.new(path, initheader)) end # Sends a COPY request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Copy object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.copy('/todos/1') # def copy(path, initheader = nil) request(Copy.new(path, initheader)) end # Sends a MKCOL request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Mkcol object # created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}' # http.mkcol('/todos/1', data) # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # def mkcol(path, body = nil, initheader = nil) request(Mkcol.new(path, initheader), body) end # Sends a TRACE request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Trace object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.trace('/todos/1') # def trace(path, initheader = nil) request(Trace.new(path, initheader)) end # Sends a GET request to the server; # forms the response into a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Get object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # With no block given, returns the response object: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.request_get('/todos') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # # With a block given, calls the block with the response object # and returns the response object: # # http.request_get('/todos') do |res| # p res # end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # # Output: # # #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=false> # def request_get(path, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+ request(Get.new(path, initheader), &block) end # Sends a HEAD request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Head object # created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.head('/todos/1') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # def request_head(path, initheader = nil, &block) request(Head.new(path, initheader), &block) end # Sends a POST request to the server; # forms the response into a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Post object # created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # With no block given, returns the response object: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.post('/todos', 'xyzzy') # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # # With a block given, calls the block with the response body # and returns the response object: # # http.post('/todos', 'xyzzy') do |res| # p res # end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # # Output: # # "{\n \"xyzzy\": \"\",\n \"id\": 201\n}" # def request_post(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+ request Post.new(path, initheader), data, &block end # Sends a PUT request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Put object # created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+. # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.put('/todos/1', 'xyzzy') # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # def request_put(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) #:nodoc: request Put.new(path, initheader), data, &block end alias get2 request_get #:nodoc: obsolete alias head2 request_head #:nodoc: obsolete alias post2 request_post #:nodoc: obsolete alias put2 request_put #:nodoc: obsolete # Sends an \HTTP request to the server; # returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse. # # The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTPRequest object # created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +header+. # That object is an instance of the # {subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPRequest}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPRequest@Request+Subclasses], # that corresponds to the given uppercase string +name+, # which must be # an {HTTP request method}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods] # or a {WebDAV request method}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV#Implementation]. # # Examples: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # http.send_request('GET', '/todos/1') # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # http.send_request('POST', '/todos', 'xyzzy') # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # def send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil) has_response_body = name != 'HEAD' r = HTTPGenericRequest.new(name,(data ? true : false),has_response_body,path,header) request r, data end # Sends the given request +req+ to the server; # forms the response into a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object. # # The given +req+ must be an instance of a # {subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPRequest}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPRequest@Request+Subclasses]. # Argument +body+ should be given only if needed for the request. # # With no block given, returns the response object: # # http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname) # # req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new('/todos/1') # http.request(req) # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # # req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Post.new('/todos') # http.request(req, 'xyzzy') # # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true> # # With a block given, calls the block with the response and returns the response: # # req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new('/todos/1') # http.request(req) do |res| # p res # end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true> # # Output: # # #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=false> # def request(req, body = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+ unless started? start { req['connection'] ||= 'close' return request(req, body, &block) } end if proxy_user() req.proxy_basic_auth proxy_user(), proxy_pass() unless use_ssl? end req.set_body_internal body res = transport_request(req, &block) if sspi_auth?(res) sspi_auth(req) res = transport_request(req, &block) end res end private # Executes a request which uses a representation # and returns its body. def send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, type, &block) res = nil request(type.new(path, initheader), data) {|r| r.read_body dest, &block res = r } res end IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_ = %w/GET HEAD PUT DELETE OPTIONS TRACE/ # :nodoc: def transport_request(req) count = 0 begin begin_transport req res = catch(:response) { begin req.exec @socket, @curr_http_version, edit_path(req.path) rescue Errno::EPIPE # Failure when writing full request, but we can probably # still read the received response. end begin res = HTTPResponse.read_new(@socket) res.decode_content = req.decode_content res.body_encoding = @response_body_encoding res.ignore_eof = @ignore_eof end while res.kind_of?(HTTPInformation) res.uri = req.uri res } res.reading_body(@socket, req.response_body_permitted?) { if block_given? count = max_retries # Don't restart in the middle of a download yield res end } rescue Gem::Net::OpenTimeout raise rescue Gem::Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, Errno::ETIMEDOUT, # avoid a dependency on OpenSSL defined?(OpenSSL::SSL) ? OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError : IOError, Gem::Timeout::Error => exception if count < max_retries && IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_.include?(req.method) count += 1 @socket.close if @socket debug "Conn close because of error #{exception}, and retry" retry end debug "Conn close because of error #{exception}" @socket.close if @socket raise end end_transport req, res res rescue => exception debug "Conn close because of error #{exception}" @socket.close if @socket raise exception end def begin_transport(req) if @socket.closed? connect elsif @last_communicated if @last_communicated + @keep_alive_timeout < Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) debug 'Conn close because of keep_alive_timeout' @socket.close connect elsif @socket.io.to_io.wait_readable(0) && @socket.eof? debug "Conn close because of EOF" @socket.close connect end end if not req.response_body_permitted? and @close_on_empty_response req['connection'] ||= 'close' end req.update_uri address, port, use_ssl? req['host'] ||= addr_port() end def end_transport(req, res) @curr_http_version = res.http_version @last_communicated = nil if @socket.closed? debug 'Conn socket closed' elsif not res.body and @close_on_empty_response debug 'Conn close' @socket.close elsif keep_alive?(req, res) debug 'Conn keep-alive' @last_communicated = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) else debug 'Conn close' @socket.close end end def keep_alive?(req, res) return false if req.connection_close? if @curr_http_version <= '1.0' res.connection_keep_alive? else # HTTP/1.1 or later not res.connection_close? end end def sspi_auth?(res) return false unless @sspi_enabled if res.kind_of?(HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired) and proxy? and res["Proxy-Authenticate"].include?("Negotiate") begin require 'win32/sspi' true rescue LoadError false end else false end end def sspi_auth(req) n = Win32::SSPI::NegotiateAuth.new req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.get_initial_token}" # Some versions of ISA will close the connection if this isn't present. req["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive" req["Proxy-Connection"] = "Keep-Alive" res = transport_request(req) authphrase = res["Proxy-Authenticate"] or return res req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.complete_authentication(authphrase)}" rescue => err raise HTTPAuthenticationError.new('HTTP authentication failed', err) end # # utils # private def addr_port addr = address addr = "[#{addr}]" if addr.include?(":") default_port = use_ssl? ? HTTP.https_default_port : HTTP.http_default_port default_port == port ? addr : "#{addr}:#{port}" end # Adds a message to debugging output def debug(msg) return unless @debug_output @debug_output << msg @debug_output << "\n" end alias_method :D, :debug end # for backward compatibility until Ruby 3.5 # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20900 # https://github.com/bblimke/webmock/pull/1081 HTTPSession = HTTP deprecate_constant :HTTPSession end require_relative 'http/exceptions' require_relative 'http/header' require_relative 'http/generic_request' require_relative 'http/request' require_relative 'http/requests' require_relative 'http/response' require_relative 'http/responses' require_relative 'http/proxy_delta'